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The Agentic Scientist: Orchestrating Coding Agents for Automated Scientific (Co-)Discovery Blog: https://pub.sakana.ai/agentic-scientist/ GitHub: https://github.com/SakanaAI/AI-Scientist-v3 arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18933 Since 2024, we’ve used The AI Scientist as a way to test how far AI alone can take scientific research, from v1 to v2 to the paper published in Nature earlier this year. The Agentic Scientist is the next step in that line of work, built for the era of coding agents. Coding agents such as Codex and Claude Code now carry out long software tasks on their own. Handing them a research problem, however, tends to produce a strong hyperparameter optimizer rather than a scientist: scores go up, but ideas stay narrow, and the reasons for the gain are rarely examined. The Agentic Scientist makes the research loop explicit. It wraps off-the-shelf coding agents in a scaffold that controls what they see, what they write, how they are evaluated, and how results are handed to the next stage. Parallel workers test hypotheses against rubrics defined before any experiment runs, share successes and failures through a common memory, and then ablate the winning program to generate evidence. We used an early version of the system to study Error Diffusion, a biologically motivated alternative to backpropagation. Our researchers set the question and the rubric, chose directions at each stage, and verified the results, references, and claims before submission. The resulting paper was accepted as an oral presentation at ALIFE 2026. In autonomous runs, the system also raised Doc-to-LoRA retrieval accuracy from 52% to 98% on multi-needle tasks and designed a learned evolution strategy that improves over its CMA-ES reference on unseen tasks. Alongside it we release AutoIllustrate, a pipeline for scientific figures that keeps an editable http://draw.io file as the source of truth, so every diagram can be corrected by hand. Humans define the question and the standards of evidence; agents expand the experiments researchers can run. We call this Co-Discovery, and we are releasing both systems as open source for the community to build on.

New Research: We are releasing ExplorationBench, a benchmark for measuring how AI systems explore. Scientific discovery begins where known problems end: a system has to frame hypotheses, design experiments, and learn from the results. Evaluating this is hard. Genuinely new answers cannot be checked quickly, and in familiar domains a model can simply recall what it has seen. Addressing this challenge, researchers from Tencent Hy, Fudan University, and Tsinghua University built verifiable Alien Worlds. Their rules are executable, so every answer is checked exactly, and they conflict with familiar knowledge, so recall alone cannot solve the tasks. 🔹 Two sandboxes: AlienCode (31 hidden rule changes, 70 tasks) and AlienLogic (24 patched inference rules, 70 theorems) 🔹 A flawed manual, four rounds of self-designed probes, and closed-book tests after every round 🔹 Every answer graded by an interpreter or a proof checker, with no LLM judge What we found across 10 frontier AI systems: 1️⃣ Getting feedback is more effective than thinking alone. No AlienCode run starts above 15.7%; after four rounds the best reaches 89.0%, while the same turns without feedback stay at 0.5–11.0%. 2️⃣ Designing the experiments matters. Replaying a system's own best probes gives it exactly the same evidence, yet in AlienCode 9 of 10 systems do worse than when they chose the probes themselves. 3️⃣ Knowing a rule is not using it. Even when every required rule is stated correctly, tasks are solved only 73.4% of the time. 4️⃣ One score hides a lot. The same system under the same budget ended anywhere from 5.7% to 79.0%, and rankings barely transfer between the two worlds. CL-bench asked whether models can learn from context. ExplorationBench asks whether they can discover the rules themselves. 📄 Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30199 🌐 Website & leaderboard: https://explorationbench.com 📝 Blog: https://explorationbench.com/blog/ 💻 Code (coming soon): https://github.com/Tencent-Hunyuan/ExplorationBench